Tag: horror

  • I Was Once A Teenage Controversy

    I Was Once A Teenage Controversy

    Content Notes: Art of Sexualised Teenagers and Discussions of Acephobia, Gay Conversion, Homophobia, Paedophilia, Rape and Sexism

    I have adored the SCP Foundation since I was a teenager writing weirdly disturbing horror stories for English class. The communal atmosphere, the dedication to executing novel ways to write online, even the acceptance of the bizarre captivated my imagination. My love of this niche is to the point of having read the first 1000 articles and planning to go through them all eventually. But this dedication comes with the knowledge of the more disturbing and disgusting side of the SCP Foundation lore. Therefore, let’s explore perhaps the most famously controversial SCP. 166

    A Real History of A Fictional Organisation

    The SCP Foundation is an online forum where writers can submit stories. The narratives come in two flavours. The more conventional one is the Tales Series, which are stories that can follow any format and are meant to be writer’s exploration of SCP lore. The other is SCP files, where the story poses as an academic journal entry, introducing the reader to strange new anomaly. The point of these files is to produce unusual beings and objects, things that should not exist within the world and therefore need to be locked away or studied. Usually with a reliance on horror and science fiction genre conventions.

    As well, the SCP Foundation is itself in the lore, as a scientific private company that seeks to: Secure anomalies, Contain them from the outside and Protect the world from the dangers. Hence SCP. This establishes metafictive interactions with the files, where the reader imagines themselves engaging with in universe scientific write ups of the bizarre anomalies. The idea of a role-playing metafiction extends to the writers themselves, who screen names are repeatedly in universe characters, usually researchers in the SCP Foundation. A pertinent example is the primary writer for the article we are dissecting today, user DrClef, who’s fictive counterpart is called Doctor Alto Clef.

    The SCP Foundation started on the 22nd of June 2007 on…4chan.[1] Yeah that 4chan. The first SCP file 173 was posted on /x/, a creepypasta forum, by an anonymous user. Weirdly enough, this SCP is easy to explain to Doctor Who fans, just imagine the weeping angels. No genuinely, it is a statue that moves when no-one looks at it and breaks your neck. This story inspired a bunch of other articles and multiple threads on 4chan, that shared the format and even created a collaborative lore. But the restrictions with using threads were beginning to annoy the writers.

    A life-sized paper mache figure, ressembling a cross between a human baby and an alien standing upright. It sits in a decrepit white room, with rectangular windows at the back.
    Untitled 2004 by Izumi Kato
    Retrived From: The Scare Chamber
    Note: This was the original image used for SCP-173, but there is now no image on the SCP article due to copyright worries

    So on 18th January 2008, the series moved to the EditThis wiki website, which is described as a Wikipedia clone.[1] The articles from 4chan were then moved to the SCP wiki. During this time period there was little moderation or communal understanding on how to write an SCP file. After all, it was still a burgeoning community that had swiftly grown from one writer to many hundreds in 6 months. But EditThis would not remain the home of the community. Eventually, on 25th of July 2008, the SCP series would move to Wikidot due to EditThis trying to monetise the website. The former wiki was deleted on 6th September 2008, despite a minority of users still being active there.

    To this day, the SCP series continues to be hosted on Wikidot and is currently sitting at over 8,000 articles. There is a thriving and active population of writers in both the SCP files and Tales series. It has even inspired other online horror writing communities, most famously The Backrooms, as well as influencing hit games like Control and Lethal Company. Furthermore it has its own games like SCP-Containment Breach, Secret Laboratory and 5K which I am informed are indeed games. That exist. And can be played. There has even been real-world implications with the term infohazard being used in certain sections of online cults communities. Though today, we will narrow our focus onto one of the oldest articles in the SCP Series.

    Laying Down The Beginning

    SCP-166 is an SCP file created in Ross Fisher Davis on the 1st of June 2008, back on the EditThis website.[2] It was then ported over to the Wikidot site on the 26th of July. The original first article still exists and can be read here. Whilst I would typically recommend that people read the sources, this file contains disturbing sexualisation of a barely legal/underage girl, depending on interpretation. So, feel free to avoid it if that will harm you in any way. In case you do not wish to wade through it, I will provide the low lights. Moreover, throughout these essays, the character of SCP-166 will be referred to as Epon which is one of her canonical names. This is in hope of displaying quite how awful the writing is if she is named.

    All SCP articles begin with the a number, a risk classification and then the details of the procedures to contain the anomaly.[3] The containment procedures are relatively normal, stating she requires minimal security, though adds some foreshadowing by saying her windows must be misted. On top of that, male staff are forbidden from entering the vicinity or examining the contents of the video surveillance. Next, we receive a description which covers history, physical features and a report of the anomalous effects.

    Epon was found in a convent in England, left there to be cared for by the nuns as her mother was a supposed elder entity.[3] She is described as a pale, slender human girl around the age 16-18. Epon’s hair seems to grow abnormally rapid rate, and she is reported as refusing to wear clothing, therefore being perpetually naked. No further justification is offered. She is as strong as an adult man, but is susceptible to asthmatic fits when exposed to aerosols and cigarette smoke.

    Lastly, Epon’s effect is the capability to mind control any man that she makes eye contact with. The only limit is she cannot force someone to inflicted harm upon themselves. This is terrible enough without the following line about her final anomalous effect:

    “SCP-166 is sustained entirely on human male semen, which she would normally obtain by her powers over the minds of a desirable male.”[3]

    To help frame that behemoth of a sentence the tagline for this article, often used as unofficial titles, is A Teenage Succubus. Though I acknowledge the need to state why this is abhorrent, as a point of analysis, I want to add that the reasons should plainly obvious to anyone. Apparently they aren’t, but they should be.

    Let’s start by addressing the age range of 16-18. This is a cop out of an age range. Deliberately designed in the same way “barely legal” pornography is, to allow for the slightest wiggle room. So they can claim it’s not really predatory or creepy because it is technically lawful and morally permissible.

    In addition, the spermophagia and nakedness are obvious additions designed to titillate. But on top of this she is deliberately pale, slender and has long enchantress-like hair. It’s like the gothic horror ideal of a sexual partner, with the added paedophilic youthfulness desirable only to terminally online libertarians. As well, the mind control aspect to drain men of their semen, presumably through an oral sex act, is a naked sexual fantasy posing as horror. It’s not subversive or chilling in anyway detached from the fact someone produced this.

    But even if we imagine a far off world in which this is not a twisted dream, it is nonetheless an innately sexist story. The enchantress leading astray wretched vulnerable men with her rampant feminine wiles and powers. I’ve explored it further in this Kuchisake-Onna essay, but the essential point is viewing femininity as deceitful and manipulative compared to the logical and truthful masculinity. A type of narrative often used against feminine people (regardless of gender identity) to justify their sexualisation and sexual abuse of feminine people through their innate nature. Even their ability to refuse consent cannot be trusted, as their words say one thing, but their bodily presentation says another.

    Fortunately for all of us it was rewritten. Unfortunately, it was not rewritten well.

    Canonising Procreative Acts

    On the 7th of November 2008, user DrClef created and posted a full rewrite of the SCP-166 article.[2] He stated on the attached SCP 166 discussion board that this was due to it needing a punch up. [4] This rewrite was followed by a spate of edits over a year between DrClef and user Slate, the culmination of which can be viewed here as Rewrite 1. There is also a set of significant rewrites in 2013, which I will include a part from in my overview.

    We once more begin with containment procedures. First is an outline of items Epon has been given like a Bible with Apocrypha and a catholic rosary, suggesting a more religious aspect to her character.[5] At this point we encounter our first issue, as Epon is still unable to don clothes. But now there is an added explanation that she gets pressure sores after 45 minutes of wearing fabric. The descriptions of no male staff being allowed nearby and needing to drink 1cc of semen a day to survive is repeated.

    An illustrated pale girl fully naked, grasping a white rosary. Her blonde wavy hair goes to the floor, covering her chest and thighs whilst accentuating her body. Her ice blue eyes stare directly at the viewer as she prays, her lips slightly ajar. The background contains abstract decoration as well as the title "SCP-166 Teenage Succubus"
    SCP-166 (2014) by すわん
    Retrieved From: Pixiv
    Note: I feel the need to state I do not endorse these types of images, but I also need to show how Epon was drawn during the Rewrite 1 era.

    We then move onto the descriptions. Epon is physically similar, though they do not specify her being pale and includes a odd line about her being cute but nothing special according to the female staff. [5] Moving to her effects, her powers are described as more enamouring than direct mind control. In essence, regardless of sexual or romantic orientation, 100% of males who see Epon fall deeply in love/lust and will attempt to copulate with her. The effect will fade on 70% of men once they lose sight of her, though for 30% it leads to a continued violent desire to rape her.

    It should be noted, we get a small 2 line paragraph that explains this causes distress to Epon. This focuses in on the reason for her anguish being because she is Catholic and wishes to remain chaste. [5]

    After that we receive a couple of addenda . Addendum A talks about her history at a nunnery as previously mentioned, but connects it to a story of a young man catching sight of her at the convent. This man then murders one nun and injures three others in an attempt to rape Epon, before being killed himself. This gains the attention of the SCP Foundation and details why she is in their custody. Furthermore, the addendum provides one of two examples of a man being capable of somewhat resisting the urges Epon brings. As a male SCP soldier isolates himself from her in response to her effects manifesting in him.

    Addendum B is not present in the 2013 edits but is in the 2008 ones.[5] It describes Dr Alto Clef (the character), gaining access to Epon’s room and demonstrating no ill effects as well as enjoying a pleasant chat. We only know the chat was about Epon’s mother and Clef seemingly showed no effect analogous to other males in her presence.

    A digital painting of a woman with flowing hair, wearing a light dress, holding a white object, set against a dark, abstract background with hints of red and orange.
    SCP-4231-A and SCP 166 by AmoneYun
    Retrieved From: SCP-DB
    Note: SCP-4231-A is called Lilly and is Epon’s mother

    The concluding part is from the 2013 edit, which includes a letter from Clef to Epon.[6] It states he is her father, and he slayed her mother when she was first born. The letter insinuates Epon’s mother to be a nature goddess of some sort and states Clef left his daughter with the nuns. Finally, its ends with Happy Sixteenth Birthday, implying Epon was or is 16 during her containment at the Foundation. Though due to a widespread issue with early SCP articles, we do not know the date of the letter as that information is redacted.

    Authorial Intentions Overriding Reality

    So. This edit fixes none of the problems with the first version and instead doubles down on a lot of the creepiness. Whilst I will go over the wider communities response in the next essay, I want to tackle DrClef’s vision for the article here. In a comment submitted on the SCP-166 discussion board, on the 16th August 2013, he argues three essential points:[4]

    • There is an apparent horror in both Epon and the men suffering from the mental alterations. With the latter being somewhat responsible for the suffering because of an operative having resisted the desires implanted in him.
    • That even if it perpetuates victim blaming, that doesn’t make this a terrible article. As we could see Epon as a metaphor for the male gaze and objectification.
    • That one can view Epon as a person who shows both sides of the Madonna-Whore Complex and this adds to the horror of the article.

    So, the first issue is, there is not much work being done about how horrifying the experience is for anyone involved. Most of that is left implicit save for a single brief paragraph by anonymous others stating that Epon is troubled by it. This, in and of itself, is not bad. Implicit horror is valid and often used to enormous success in the SCP Series.

    However, for implicit horror to work, the implications need to be the focal point. What is left unsaid, what is unknown, generates questions that should be the focus of the audience’s mind. But those questions don’t feel like the focus in comparison to DrClef’s grandstanding for his self insert character.

    Many comments on the first rewrite in 2008 remark that the article expands Dr Alto Clef lore.[4] People wonder if he is a demon or the devil incarnate, and this trend continues in the 2013 edits. Apart from that, instead of wondering about the delicate implications, the use of teenage sperm drinking and the insistence Epon remains naked are what chiefly horrify people. The idea of both Epon and these men experiencing disgusting violation is less commented on in comparison. Consequently, even if it was his intention, he absolutely failed to strike the appropriate balance to highlight that horror. Instead, he oversold the cheap shocks and his own lore-building.

    An illustrated character wearing a white coat and a black hat, holding a rifle, with a snake wrapped around him and flowers in the background.
    Kondraki/Clef (2013) by ptzs
    Retrieved From: Pixiv

    But even with nominal attention on Epon, the group who really are not focused on remain the men whose minds are twisted. We get no sentiment as to how they feel at what could either be an incredible mental violation or a resistible thought insertion. There is no sense of a need for therapy, memory wiping drugs (a staple of SCP Series) or any other interventions. Never mind the lack of access to any of these men’s experiences through their own words.

    We can never tell how in control they are, and that feels somewhat pivotal to a narrative about unwilling mental and bodily violation. If both the men and Epon are meant to be experiencing violation; it would be imperative to at least somewhat understand the nature of that violation. It is not just that Epon’s victimhood is barely considered, the men’s feel like a contrast to show how powerful and special Clef is.

    Furthermore, the fact Epon’s power overrides sexuality is never expanded on. If done right, this could have been an imaginative exploration of gay and ace conversion. The horror implicit in the distinct nature of marginalised sexual and romantic preferences being stripped away to conform to a societal standard.

    But we barely receive a single throwaway line, which ends up with Epon and the men being treated as disposable. Anyone who was identified as being victimised by DrClef’s own thesis for his work is never given the opportunity to express the horror within that experience. Instead their pain is a backdrop for the terrific tragic life of Dr Alto Clef. Because only through him can we apparently undestand the horrors of Epon’s existence.

    The Terrifying Twisting of Feminism

    Even if we view Epon as a metaphor for the male gaze and objectification, these issues are not subverted. Merely making her Catholic and an unwilling participant in her effects is not enough to actually comment on objectification. In fact, she is never allowed to be anything but the object of her own article. A being who’s opinions are not once given any narrative weight. Especially in comparison to that of her father who receives an in-universe letter to express how he feels. Who is allowed an actual point of view in the media.

    And it is not like it would be impossible to show her perspective. Many articles use therapy logs or letters or even drawings by the anomalous focus, to showcase their perspective and view of the situation. Instead Epon is relegated to someone else’s perspective on her, making her the text book definition of an object. Her perspective is paid pure lip service.

    But even then the lip service doesn’t make complete sense. Why is the focus of her terror at her situation how it effects her religion? I do not know many Catholics; the United Kingdom is infamous for our completely normal relationship with Catholicism. But surely, the peril of bodily injury is present along with the threat of spiritual detriment. And any religious orientated harm is linked to Epon’s chastity. The key reason for her harm is on the patriarchal expectation of her. Even as a victim of her own existence, the writing and world around her frames her victimhood by the ideals of men, and never through her lack of agency.

    A classical painting depicting two women and a child beside a stone fountain, with lush landscapes in the background.
    Sacred and Profane Love (~1514) by Titian
    Retrieved From: Wikipedia

    Finally, by making Epon a Madonna-Whore complex incarnate, DrClef is just enacting sexist stereotyping not commenting on them. Though originating in psychoanalysis[7], the Madonna-Whore complex is presently used as a pop feminist social critique for how women are measured as partners to men. They are to be both as chaste as the Virgin Mary, but as sexually debauched as the media portrayal of sex workers. Women are imprisoned in a double standard to be both asexual and hypersexual, to be good at sex but never enjoyed it with anyone apart from their one true love. To simply portray sexism is not enough to comment on it.

    In portraying a supposedly subversive character, DrClef’s complete lack of understanding around feminist literature and analysis leads to an outdated and overdone trope. A girl whose beauty literally is only enrapturing to a male gaze. A girl who must stay perpetually nude for contrived reasons and yet has to resist the innate sinfulness of the feminine form. She is the one who must carry the penance and is never allowed to grieve for the situation she finds herself within. Though of course, Clef is given plenty of narrative space to lament.

    DrClef never thoroughly examines the socio-cultural issues with this, nor ever condemns the men for trying to harm her. I’m ordinarily not one for the requirement to expressly condemn abominable acts. But when there are comments, art and fanfiction literally thirsting after the teenager from her inception, you need to explicitly counter them.[4] I do not comprehend how it took 12 years for a rewrite to happen. But we did eventually get one.

    Putting the Nymph in Nymphomania

    On the 5th of June 2018, after numerous critiques and calls by the divided community to change SCP-166 (as well as spiritual successors doing better jobs than the seminal article), DrClef requested a complete rewrite of the article.[4] On the 30th of October 2020, Cerastes had created the rewrite[2], though thanked users like UraniumEmpire and LtFlops amongst others for the help.[4] The article in its current version can be read here. There will be not as much analysis of this version, as it contains less compelling or horrific content.

    For the final time, we begin with the containment procedures and start off strong as Epon is allowed to wear clothes! Mostly loose fitting organic cotton and she eats…typical food, without any additives. They keep the Catholic items like the Bible with Apocrypha and the rosary. Her physical description has changed as she is still a European female, but with satyr-like features, swapping out the goat aspects for reindeer ones.

    A cartoon styled illustration of a character with antlers, wearing a simple dress and holding a rosary. The character has a friendly expression and features one blue eye and one brown eye
    SCP-166 (2021) by Zal-Cryptid
    Retrieved From: DeviantArt

    Epon’s anomalous power is reasonably simple, man made objects around her degrade and rust, with plant life growing in their place. She maintains the vulnerability to artificial pollutants, though they directly cause ulcers as well as asthma. Her existence is confirmed by a Global Occult Coalition agent (essentially the occult UN of the SCP Universe) called Agent Ukulele. A blatant nod to Dr Alto Clef, who routinely carries around a ukulele. It appears Epon caught the eye of the GOC due to being able to enact a ritual to force the world back to the Palaeolithic era. The anarcho-primitivists would have idolized her.

    We get a couple of addenda, the first being an interview between a chaplain and Epon. They both talk about their familial relations, with a hint of Dr Alto Clef being Epon’s father at the end. Addendum 2 features a higher up chastising a redacted researcher, though it is in fact clearly Clef. The researcher had given Epon a phone line without permission and showcases the regret that Clef has about not being there for his daughter. Ultimately we get a similar letter from before, stating he killed Epon’s mother but nevertheless wants to protect her. And that, is the current edition of SCP-166.

    I do not have much to say on this. It is a marked improvement over the previous article, but then again blank page would be too. The character concept for Epon is perfectly cute. The icon of the past actively transforming the world around them to return to a state of Edenic paradise is a nice, if a straightforward idea. The design also calls back to this with the reindeer like features and the need to wear and eat organic items. It even ties back to the letter, with her mother being a nature goddess. This is perfectly serviceable and wholesome, though I agree with commenters that it fails to leave an impact. [4]

    However, the rewrite is hampered by the desire to still treat the article as backstory for a self insert. As well there is an inability to modernise a deeply dreadful tale into something greater than the sum of its history. In essence, the story struggles to rise to the heights of the SCP greats because it is trying to do too much, leaving it with no cohesion.

    A character with long blonde hair wearing a black and white outfit, holding a crystal orb, standing in a mystical background with dark colors.
    SCP-166 (2023) by pirixiepeace
    Retrieved From: DeviantArt
    Note: Once again, I would like to reiterate that I do not support images sexualising teens (or nuns) and I am showing them I am showing them to relay the sexualisation is still present.

    Cerastes had to tie the SCP article to about 12 years of lore building by DrClef and others in the community. Allowing for all the contingencies as to who Epon is, what she has achieved and will achieve as well as DrClef’s vision for is fictive daughter. This impossible position means the story could never genuinely let go of the past and transcend it’s origins. Even moreso, people haven’t fully let go of the sexualisation of Epon, even with this tamer article. I prefer this over the other two versions, but it is eclipsed by other tales generated from Rewrite 1 like SCP 4166 or 0166. However, those are stories for another essay.

    Life-like Horror

    Throughout the research and writing of this essay, a comment made by user LittleCrow on the 5th of February 2011 has stuck with me:

    “I can’t believe I’m having to find the words to explain why I think a beautiful teenaged SCP who can’t wear clothes, must drink semen, and drives all the men crazy is a bad idea.”[4]

    In reading the comments made by the SCP contributors on the discussion board, I was pleasantly surprised by how much pushback there was. Even more so by how early the criticism was. But, in that is the horror I have found in this article. In the fact people surprise me by critiquing this. And in the comparable amounts of people praising the first rewrite.

    It’s kind of terrifying reading a story that fulfils all the sexist tropes used against you as a teenager. A terror multiplied exponentially when a bunch of men (and a couple of women) uncritically state that parroting paedophilic nonsense is good storytelling.

    Every time I read the first rewrite the lack of power Epon has, strikes me. Not just in the deliberate narrative, but in how she is invented with no agency. How a writer trapped a girl in this sick twisted hell and another framed this horror as chiefly effecting his self-insert above all others. How the uncritical perpetuation of sexist ideals infests horror even to this day, with people venting their grimmest views on women under a veil of inspired creation. Twisting half formed uneducated ideas of feminist theory to fit their narrative of auteur authorship. The horror is not in the story.

    It’s outside of it.

    References

    1. RJB_R. (2023) History Of The Universe: Part One. Retrieved From: SCP Wiki
    2. Containment Fiction Wiki Contributors (2023). SCP 166. Retrieved From: Containment Fiction
    3. Davis, R.F.(2008). SCP-166. Retrieved From: SCP Classic
    4. SCP Contributors (2025). SCP-166/Discussion. Retrieved From:SCP Wiki
    5. DrClef (2009). SCP-166. Retrieved From: SCP Classic
    6. Cerastes (2024). SCP-166. Retrieved From: SCP Wiki
    7. Hartmann, U. (2009). Sigmund Freud and his impact on our understanding of male sexual dysfunction. The journal of sexual medicine, 6(8), 2332-2339.
  • Kuchisake-Onna, Feminist Monster?

    Kuchisake-Onna, Feminist Monster?

    Content Notes: Discussion of Child Murder, Misogyny and Mutilation

    In my previous two articles, we have discussed the origins and a myriad of possible interpretations for the tale of Kuchisake-Onna. However, the feminist themes of this mythical character have had more ink spilled than any other framework. So join me, as we uncover the femininity of Kuchisake-Onna and if her story can help you too.

    Objectifying Subjection

    We are all familiar with the idea of beauty being tied to goodness. It’s a form of Halo Effect, where a desirable attribute leads to us misjudging a person’s character or actions.[1] Essentially, since attractiveness leads to our initial impression of a person being favourable, this frames any future judgement in a complimentary light. However, when the Halo Effect meets femininity, there is an unusual cross section. Because attractiveness in women comes with benefits and equal drawbacks.

    In standard philosophy there is the object and the subject. The object is an entity which is perceived but cannot observe, and the subject is that which perceives others. When we talk of women being objectified, this is what is meant. A woman is, by most standards, a subject capable of perception and judgement. But within certain media portrayals she is relegated to an object, to an item for the (usually heterosexual male) characters and audience to perceive without having to consider her view.

    An object also lacks agency. They are incapable of enacting or interacting with the world in any meaningful way. To be objectified is not simply to be admired as if you were a crass statue, but also to be denied your ability to act. This can be as straightforward as a piece of media disregarding a woman’s desires in a story. Or as blatant as the authorial approval of the character being dominated or possessed by a man.

    Megan Fox in Transformers (2007), Produced by Paramount Pictures
    Retrieved From: IMDB

    Whilst this objectification can happen to any woman in media, it is most apparent with those deemed attractive. In books this creates the “Breasting Boobily” phenomenon, where the sexually attractive features of a woman are constantly highlighted, to the point of absurdity. In film and TV, this is accomplished by cameras lingering over the desirable parts of the character, focusing and framing their sexual attractiveness as their most important aspect. In art it results waist to hip ratios that would make insects blush. An attractive woman’s identity comprises only her physical form, that which the audience can instantly perceive, rather than any other characteristics or facets of personality.

    With Kuchisake-Onna, part of her horror comes from firstly conforming to these expectations and then subverting them. Her beauty creates a Halo Effect and places her as an object within her own story. She is considered to be harmless or even virtious by the target. In addition, she is usually admired solely for her beauty. Like a piece of street art, the narrative regards her as something to be lecherously enjoyed. Some stories even portray her as a sex worker, a group known explicitly to face dehumanising objectification.

    But with the revealing of her slit mouth, Kuchisake-Onna goes from an object of desire to a subject enacting sadism. The narrative switches, transforming her into the one who is perceiving her victim. She delights in her macabre questioning and the slaying or “improvement” of the object. But this not only changes her status in the story, but the entire perception of her character.

    Don’t Lie by Dark134
    Retrieved From: Deviantart

    The Halo Effect disappears as her true form is revealed and she becomes monstrous. I understand some people have…intense feelings about the slit mouth woman. But the most pervasive and intended narrative is one in which the carnal appetite of the victim and audience are rebuked. She becomes an active agent against the desires imposed upon her. And therefore becomes a horrifying subversion of narrative expectation.

    Unwomanly Virus

    Barbara Creed argues in the The Monstrous Feminine, that femininity is deemed as evil because although it is feebler than masculinity, it’s framed more carnal and without restraint. [2] She contrasts this with Julia Kristeva’s idea of “The Clean and Proper Body”. This is a symbolic body that all should strive to achieve, one of artifice, that exhibits no sign of natural degradation. Creed states this symbol is particularly difficult for feminine bodies to maintain, due to the trials of motherhood, puberty and loftier sexist standards. But if one can accomplish this task, you then become the pinnacle of artificial femininity, devoid of the usual degrading associations.

    Obviously Kuchisake-Onna’s body, particularly the slit mouth, automatically excludes her from such ideals. But it is within a method of wounding her victims that a more unusual connection can be revealed. When answering her questions with “yes” both times, most stories say she slices the person’s mouth with her scythe, granting them her trademark look. A direct interpretation would be ironic punishment. For saying she is pretty, in a morbid way, she makes you pretty too. You could extend this further saying that the punishment for appeasing vanity is to have your own beauty marred. To fawn and placate such ideals allows them to ruin you.

    Created by Jenna Whyte
    Retrieved From: Instagram

    But using the idea of The Clean and Proper Body, we can see Kuchisake-Onna as a defeminising monster. The threat of carving a person’s face is not just an attack on bodily integrity. For women, it is an assault on their Clean and Proper Body. The slashing of their face not only renders them as hideous as Kuchisake-Onna, but as defeminised as her. They lose a core part of their identity. Their gender. Or at least, the way they have been able to express their gender until now.

    When paired with the Halo Effect, to have your attractiveness and body scarred becomes a mark on the entirety of your life. Your goodness is lessened. Your social status tanks. Even your personality could drastically change due to how you’re treated in the aftermath. The threat of a slit mouth for women is a complex intertwining of societal and physical repercussions.

    But even more so, it shows the fragility of such concepts. Like glass, the idea of a Clean and Proper Body is pristine and beautiful. But also cracks under the slightest amount of pressure. A fundamental chip in such a body becomes a pox, an indelible sign of ruin that cannot be revoked. The horror for women is not solely in death. But in the idea that the sexist ideals they must take on to survive can be freely broken. It takes one accident, one problem, a isolated event going wrong and their body shatters. With one mistake they cannot control, they become Kuchisake-Onna.

    A Monstrous Femininenon

    In her essay, Monstrous Women, Dianne Taylor posits that women become monsters when they fail to be feminine.[3] Taylor relates this to the fact women are less likely to receive the death penalty in the USA, arguing it is not solely benevolent sexism. Instead, for any one woman to be considered for the death penalty she must be:

    “incorrigible, irredeemable because she is thoroughly immune to refeminization —a monster”

    In her eyes, immunity to re-feminisation is monstrous because of how it violates both biological and social laws. Using the works of Foucault, she states that key to the judicial power of modern governments is the idea that individuals can be corrected, usually through punitive measures. But to be corrected one must accept a norm to follow, an ideal standard of what it is to be good. For men and women this is different, but frequently relies on the reuptake of gendered norms. And especially for women, biological and personality based norms intermingle as if they are one.

    A woman is not separate in character to a man because of environmental factors, at least according to dominant social narratives. Instead, it is her [Insert Relevant Pseudoscientific Explanation]. Whether it is wandering womb, the curse of oestrogen or that pesky underdeveloped pre-frontal cortex, a sexist society will always find a way to justify women’s supposed inferiority. And if a woman is smarter, more athletic, more rational or otherwise supersedes men in masculinity? Then she is showing the fragility of such norms. In refusing to go back into the feminine domain, she is violating both biological and social truths that society is built upon. [3] And becomes a monster to society at large.

    A Clinical Lesson at the Salpêtrière (1887) by André Brouillet
    Retrieved From: Wikipedia

    In this way, we can identify how Kuchisake-Onna violates these cornerstones. Whilst undeniably irrational, she is always portrayed as outcompeting men in athleticism and sadism. In doing so, she establishes her dominance over men quite easily, capable of inflicting bodily harm in a way foreign to most of them. As well although not traditionally smart, her manipulative tactics demonstrate how she can outsmart men by undermining their expectations of logical answers. This contradicts ideals of rationality, causing a terrifying breakdown in the norms of conversation which may end up in an unfortunate demise.

    In addition part of the horror is in the lack of explanation for her violations. There can be comfort gained from developing an understanding of how a person would break away from norms. These explanations do not need to be true, instead they merely have to contain enough verisimilitude to placate the person’s fears. It is never explicit stated if Kuchisake-Onna is just a hysterical woman, a supernaturally powered ghost, a demon or anything else. By never having a apparent grounding of who or what she really is, a sense of safety in knowledge is impossible to reach. Therefore, the person is confronted with an unknowable dread for a humanoid monster they will be impotent to fully comprehend.

    Slicing The Glass Ceiling

    But we can get even more specific with Kuchisake-Onna’s breaking of normative ideals. Ryden Shartle provides an excellent summarisation of the history of feminism in Japan.[4] This additionally provides a detailed background for the specific sexist norms perpetuated in 20th century. The 1920s saw a frequent scientific rationalisation for women performing housework, domestic hygiene and other activities, for the betterment of the Japanese people. This selflessness as feminine virtue was expanded in the 30s, with women being corralled to volunteer in making care packages and performing nursing duties in the army.

    Next (hopefully shocking no-one) there was the US occupation. This saw a time period where women were provided more rights, in hopes of instilling fewer sexist values…Oh wait, sorry I got that wrong. It was in the hopes of limiting Japanese military power. Lovely. After the US left, the Japanese government focused on reversing this and encouraging feminine education. This sounds pleasant, but it was principally activities like home economics and flower arranging. The idea behind this is that by having separate spheres for men and women, Japan would catch up with the US. One can provide for the home, and the other can provide valuable work, therefore maximising efficiency.

    Before the 70s, a lot of Japanese feminism even exemplified sexual differences, focusing on women’s roles as mothers and caretakers to gain more rights.[4] But then came the Ūman Ribu movement, a transliteration of women’s lib. Combining international thought with Japanese feminism, the Ribu movement was the first time that women sought to challenge men’s cordoning of roles in a unified manner. This revolved around radical feminist challenges for what it meant to be a woman in Japanese society. As well as the role they could play both individually and within the society. Which is around the same time a certain folkloric monster began to rise to prominence.

    Kuchisake-Onna by Wolf-Ram
    Retrieved From: Deviantart

    As opposed to selfless virtuosity, Kuchisake-Onna seems entirely rooted in selfish sadism or malicious madness. It is never fully expounded on, but through various texts and writings, the common through-line seems to be that she is just a cruel monster. It is her nature, either through jealously, spite or misanthropy to injure others with no feminine motive. In fact, as commented on by Taylor, the act of sadistic murder is itself considered to be masculine.[3] To delight in harm, to enjoy the process and to come out the other end unforgiving, is counter to any ideals of feminine selflessness.

    As well her actions are complete opposite to the idea of a maternal figure. Not only in the evident sense of being a murderess but in being outside of the home, usually in metropolitan areas. Places where it is expected to predominantly witness men at or leaving work. Her mere presence in such a place is a disturbance of the isolated spheres for men and women. In the act of not only existing, but overpowering men within these spaces, she represents a complete reversal of the natural societal order. An uneasy contradiction by her very existence.

    This fear is exacerbated by the fact that the Ribu movement at the time was pioneering such changes. They urged women to occupy men’s spaces in radical ways that deliberately destabilised the sexist ideals that restrained them to the home. But to the men experiencing this destabilisation, considering their security was built on the labour and isolation of women, I’m convinced it looked contiguous to the myth of Kuchisake-Onna. An opinion reinforced by the fact that her tale was largely spread due to male owned women’s magazines sensationalising the story. [5] In a way, her tale can be seen as spreading due to the feared threat and irrelevancy of masculinity at the time. She, like the Ribu feminists, was an inoccent seeming woman attacking masculinity in the very sphere it was meant to propogate.

    Popularity Contests

    Through all of this discussion, you may have gotten the impression that Kuchisake-Onna can be an imperfect feminist icon. That her story of bucking feminine ideals, representing feminist movements and becoming her own subject is empowering. Well, I am not going to fully deny that interpretation. Part of my love of Kuchisake-Onna is because she represents a lot of what I enjoy in stories. She’s a monstrous woman, a biological freak of nature that weaponises her perceived deformities and femininity against the tropes that would imprison her. It is not without merit to recognize something significant and relatable in her tale.

    However, as pointed out by Dianne Taylor, such stories are frequently to the benefit of a sexist society. [3] The violation of norms does not sever them; it instead enables them. Through the monster, a person can justify previous prevailing norms, using the event or story as an argument against the removal of them. As much as I’d love the re-interpretation of Kuchisake-Onna to be more powerful, it is never going to outdo the most conventional narrative. Her tale was, in part, propagated by men and mass media as a way to castigate and shame women. In particular feminists.

    Therefore, even if we as individuals can see Kuchisake-Onna in this way, it would be challenging to reform how most media explores her. I have read through dozens of articles about Kuchisake-Onna, and the non-academic ones invariably portray her as a freak.[6][7][8][9] Even more so, these articles barely mention much of the alternative interpretations of her story. Instead distributing one version of the tale they deem to be the most horrifying and clickbaity. Because complexity is difficult to grapple with. It has taken me over a month to produce a bare minimum amount of research to provide some varying perspectives. And I like reading academic papers.

    Medusa Head by IrenHorrors
    Retrieved From: Deviantart

    This can be seen with other mythological characters as well. I’m certain those reading this will likely be familiar with a plethora of interpretations about Medusa. But, ask most people who aren’t history nerds (or sapphic), and the invariable response will be that she is a villain. An object for the projection of sexist tropes where she is to be slain by a man because she is a monster. Such stories are usually engrained in pop culture. Unless someone wishes to undertake the work to dig deeper, they will never get to the other sides of these narratives.

    But that is not to say we are without hope.

    A Case For Monsters

    Shartle recounts how the Ribu movement focused a lot of work on filicide. [4]At the time, Japan was facing an unprecedented reporting on women killing their children. These mothers were vilified and routinely lambasted as inhuman. But Ribu figures like Yonezu Tomoko argued that whilst filicide can never be condoned, one should blame societal conditions rather than the mothers. These women were often marginalised and desperate. Whether it be poverty, abuse, untreated mental health issues or any other variety of vulnerability. Society failed to care or aid them in any capacity. Therefore, instead of dehumanising, we should empathise.

    To shift the narrative that pits monstrous women as unfeminine, one should not exacerbate the contrast but soften it. By influencing people to empathise with the socially deemed worst of the worst, we can directly threaten and destabilise the sexist tropes that prop them up. Even personally I have seen the efficacy of this. In talking to mothers within my life, the discussion of maternal filicide has come up. And often promoting empathy with these filicidal actions not only helps promote understanding, but allows them to tackle internalised sexist ideals towards themselves. In inviting people to care for a “monster”, they are allowed to realise they too are not a monster.

    Unfortunately, folkloric tales like Kuchisake-Onna end up being too abstract for people to empathise with her. An individual cannot interview Kuchisake-Onna. You cannot witness her crying because of what happen. Nor can you ever follow her consistent growth and change. It is the strength and weakness of folkloric myths that they are shorter and often personalised tales. Weaved to the society, social groups and individuals interpretations of what the tale is.

    I truly believe there is power within stories, but to utilise it we must pick the tales people can relate with. In inciting individuals to examine the monsters society generates, a person can more clearly see themselves in the imposed stigmatisation. Moreover, you can follow the person’s own narrative. How they felt, understood and reckoned with their actions. In essence, you can humanise a monstrous human more than a folkloric figure. And doing so demonstrates that monsters are not real. They exist solely in stories but are transposed onto real life, to constitute a convenient scapegoat for societal ills. In making a case for “monsters”, we make a case for the liberation of all of us.

    Thank you for coming with me on this journey. I hope you enjoyed this mini series on Kuchisake-Onna. I will be back with some musings on one of my favourite poems in a fortnight. Until then, let me know your thoughts below!

    References

    1. Wikipedia Contributors. (2019, April 18). Halo effect. Retrieved from Wikipedia website: Wikipedia
    2. Creed, B. (1993). The Monstrous-Feminine: Film, Feminism, Psychoanalysis. London: Routledge
    3. Taylor, D. (2010). Monstrous women. PhaenEx, 5(2), 125-151.
    4. Shartle, R. (2023). Motherhood, Femininity, and the Body: Reading Representations of the Feminine in Kuchisake-onna (Postwar Japan) (Master’s thesis, Arizona State University).
    5. Michael Dylan Foster. (2009). Pandemonium and Parade. Univ of California Press..
    6. Dowell, C. (2024). The Legend of Kuchisake-onna: Japan’s Slit-Mouthed Woman. Retrieved from: Medium.com
    7. Unknown Author. (2024). The Legend of the Kuchisake-onna: The Slit-Mouthed Woman in Japanese Urban Legends. Retrieved from: Mythology Worldwide
    8. Harvey, A. (2023). Kuchisake Onna: The Vengeful Japanese Spirit That Attacks Victims After Asking “Am I Beautiful?” Retrieved from: All Thats Interesting
    9. Meyer, M. (2024). Kuchisake onna | Yokai.com. Retrieved from Yokai.com website: Yokai.com
  • The Many Faces of Kuchisake-Onna

    The Many Faces of Kuchisake-Onna

    Content Notes: Discussions of Ableism, Castration, Classism, Misogyny and Vagina Dentata

    In my previous article we examined the history of Kuchisake-Onna, exploring the many posited origins. But the interpretations of her are even more numerous. Academics and amateurs alike have understood and reimagined the slit mouth woman in a plethora of diverse ways. So, without further ado, let’s dive into the depths of Kuchisake-Onna

    What’s In A Smile?

    The most distinctive feature of Kuchisake-Onna is her slit mouth, described in various ways, from sheathe-like to…well “sheathe-like”. But, interestingly, I can find only one article comparing her most distinctive feature to real life facial disabilities. Kun Hwang authored a paper relating the mythological figure to lateral facial clefts, that is a congenital opening of the face around the mouth.[1] He wrote a passage that I believe is important to initiate this discussion of Kuchisake-Onna.

    “We plastic surgeons should be aware that facial cleft patients in past societies may have been treated as ‘Ghosts’ who harm other people.”

    Within any discussion of folkloric figures and the horror of disability, it is critical to recognise one fundamental truth. People will use these stories to otherise those with similar disabilities, to treat them as monsters. As much as we can abstract the various parts and tales of Kuchisake-Onna to look at societal issues (and trust me we will) it’s equally important to recognise the more obvious reflections. How a society, even a modern day one, treats and perceives those with disabilities.

    Clefts, scars and other physical differences can cause medical problem for the individual. However, when stories villainise and stereotypically portray them, it is not for the fact they are detrimental to the person with them. Indeed, Kuchisake-Onna’s slit mouth is not disgusting for the effects it has on her but the effect it has on the viewer. This centring of the (presumed) physically normative individuals reaction is exceedingly common in all media representation of those who experience visible disabilities. But in all of horror’s subgenres, including folklore, it is strikingly apparent. The removal of limbs or deforming of the body remains a staple of the genre as a way to get a quick and easy shock. The sensationalism of this is a lesson to the audience. That those who possess similar features should be viewed as inherently horrific and unusual. Whether this means they are pitiable or villainous depends on the tale.

    Kuchisake Onna By Jessica Lauser
    Retrieved From: Facebook

    But there is another layer of this to unpack. Kuchisake-Onna disfigurement is repeatedly described as having come about due to a surgical procedure, either a vanity based plastic surgery[2] or as a result of trying to be rid of a pre-existing cleft.[1] The first case plays into two tired but tested tropes of fiction, the vain woman getting ironic revenge and the use of disability as retribution. The former will be discussed in another post, but the latter is worth investigating further. Disabilities are not solely used as a sign of a deformity in character but as some form of karmic or divine justice for a person’s misdeeds. This reflects on the disabled individual as inherently corrupted, perhaps even from birth. Their disability, therefore, can be seen as a shorthand for the stain upon their soul that the audience can instantly identify. A lesson which is then replicated in real life.

    The second case represents a notable contrast to the first, as the implication (in my opinion at least) is that in trying to reduce her cleft, she is punished. One could interpret this as again punishing vanity, but I think there is another interpretation. That those with disabilities cannot win. That by trying to change your physical difference, you are transgressing. Because if a person can change themselves to look like the physical majority, it shows the artificality of such a construct. If it is not inherent, but something which can be achieved through sleight of hand, it loses both it’s power and meaning to those born physically normative. This idea, is unpalatable to many, so stories and folklore exist to counter such narratives.

    It is somewhat ironic for a famous myth that villanises those with facial clefts to quite accurately surmise the catch-22 many find themselves in. There is no winning for the physically different but to atone in the manner society seems fit. Which is typically whatever soothes the mind of the physical majority and encourages them to feel better, at the cost of the physically different.

    Sheathing A Theory

    Let’s take a breather from the somewhat depressing societal implications and talk about something much more fun. The psychoanalytical theory relating to Kuchisake-Onna. For those who don’t have an extra psychology degree lying around (and why don’t you?) psychoanalytics is the field of psychology pertaining the ideas of Sigmund Freud. You may have heard of Freud through the Oedipus complex, the idea that adolescent boys really… REALLY love their mothers. But the topic relevant today is castration anxiety.

    Castration anxiety is pretty much what it sounds like, the belief that pre-pubescent boys are pathologically scared of being castrated.[7] This comes about because apparently boys believe their mothers are castrated men, rather than women. Freud really did just get away with declaring anything. As reported by Barbara Creed in her seminal work The Monstrous-Feminine, Joseph Campbell first linked castration anxiety to vagina dentata.[8] That is, a literally toothy genital, a la Teeth (2007). The vagina dentata appears in a variety of cultures and according to Campbell is a sign of men’s latent castration anxiety and fear of vaginas. In addition Campbell argues it represents gynephobia, a term used by Freud to describe men’s fear of women’s sexuality and feminity. This is often considered decoupled from misogyny by psychodynamic academics. How much you wish to decouple it is up to you.

    Photograph of The Livraria Lello & Irmão
    By uninformedcomment
    Retrieved From:
    WordPress

    At this moment, you may be rather reasonably asking, how does a slit mouthed woman relate to a toothed genital? Well the idea of vagina dentata, and a lot of psychodynamic symbolism, is its focus on evoking iconography. Even if they’re not necessarily the exact same symbol. In this case, both Foster and Shartle make comparisons to Kuchisake-Onna mouth and female genitalia.[2][4] The essential point is Kuchisake-Onna is part of a lineage of vagina dentata stories. And Kuchisake-Onna’s rise to fame is a representation of the prevalent fears Japanese men had in the 70s. This fear was presumably aided by the rise in feminist movements at the time. And the theorising is not merely academic. I wish I was kidding, but Foster found the following anonymous quote from a male student:

    “The mouth of Kuchi-sake-onna is genital-like. And what’s more, it’s ridiculously huge and gaudy and unclean, so I don’t want to be touched by it!”[2]

    I mean at least he was honest.

    You may have noticed throughout this section my incredibly subtle disdain. Some of it is around 5 years of repeatedly having to listen to Freud’s weird personal theories that feel like textbook projection. But, as well, nearly all of psychodynamic theory has fallen out of vogue in psychology because people just don’t often think this way. You will be able find some cases of people who are…let’s say highly sexed. But the unconscious framework underlying seeing a slit mouth as a sexual object both cannot be proven and is not the simplest explaination.

    Castration anxiety could just be the relatively ordinary feeling the majority of people have about their most sensitive area being hurt. Made worse for the half of the population for whom that area is exposed.As for vagina dentata, it is theorised to originate from medical stories of calcified lumps within vaginas.[9] And unlike nearly all vagina dentata myths, Kuchisake-Onna does not emasculate her victims, let alone with her teeth. She slices people with scythes or scissors which is either a left over from her rural predeceeding folklore or just a common household item.

    I do believe there is some merit to the idea that Kuchisake-Onna represents the fears of men. However, there is a tendency in psychology and especially psychodynamic theories, to over-generalise and overcomplicate simple ideas. The fear of being harmed and the misogynistic framing is more likely to be context and socially specific, rather than tapping into a disproven latent fear.

    A Class Act

    As stated in my previous post, Kuchisake-Onna first spread around Japan through the juku or preparatory schools, which were new at the time.[3][5] In fact, Takaji even believed that the rumour spread as a method of keeping lower class children out of these schools.[3] By instilling fear of being in the city at night, it could convince children to never attend. This in and of itself, its emblematic of the class divide within Japanese society. How many disliked or outright feared the intermingling of numerous sects that used to be separated. There was a palpable anxiety around the blurring of distinct strata and what that would mean for those who benefitted from such a system.

    However, one cannot separate Kuchisake-Onna from her rural beginnings. From her tale originating in the Gifu Prefecture and likely being inspired by ghost stories of the farmer’s uprising in 1754.[10] To her oft used scythe, an item rarely seen in urban settings and considered short hand for rurality.[2] To even the methods of repelling her evoking traditional Edo period yōkai, such as chanting “pomade” three times. [2] Kuchisake-Onna is part and parcel a tale of rurality within an urban setting and the mismatch between those two worlds. And with that mismatch, comes classism.

    Japanese Tales by loputyn
    Retrieved From Instagram

    In the 1970s, on top of a wave of feminist thinking, the Japanese population was beginning to be disillusioned with urbanisation. This was somewhat due to a lack of worker’s rights as well as an increased separation between the urban and rural. [2] Accompanying this was an almost fetishistic level of adoration for the past including for previous mythology of that time. This led, in some part, to the adoption of Kuchisake-Onna. Foster claims that she can even be seen as a trasitional folkloric figure, incorporating both the old and the new. In this way, she represents the desire of many to return to simpler times. But the view was rather rose tinted, as alongside this rise in traditionalism, was an elevation in disdain for the working class.

    The 1970s saw a rise of worker’s strikes and student protest within Japan.[2] Many stories of the strikers at the time were exaggerated, frequently portraying them as boorish and even violent. The mask Kuchisake-Onna is reported to wear can be seen as a sign of protest, as it was used by many political movements to provide anonymity when protesting. As such, the story aligns Kuchisake-Onna with the perceived violent protests, demonstrating the danger that may lie under the mask. This can be extended further to a more impersonal interpretation. The fear of the wealthy about what student and worker’s rights protests may mean for sense of safety and security. Both in a financial and very literal physical way.

    As a result, Kuchisake-Onna can be viewed in two contrasting ways. Both as a call to the good old times of strange folklore from rural areas and as a sign of the violence from seemingly kind working-class people. eve the former isn’t exactly a much more favourable interpretation. It leans on tropes that patronise rural communities, depicting them as strange, backwards people with their unusual customs. In essence, mystifying and dehumanising those in rural communities, contrasting them with the more “civilised”, advanced urbanites.

    In either case, Kuchisake-Onna could be understood a folkloric backlash to the widespread changes that were happening, and the security of the wealthy being threatened. However, this would not fully explain Kuchisake-Onna wide adoption by the rural and working class. So I have one more aspect to share today.

    The Horror of Cities

    The urban environments where Kuchisake-Onna propagated were new to many children and adults. As many a horror media can attest, there is a liminality and dread of such environments when devoid of people. Liminal spaces, in internet parlance, represent the quietly unsettling transitional margins.[11] Often this can be witnessed in pure white corridors within a hospital, a clearly utilitarian artifice that feels devoid of emotions. These hallways exist purely to transition you between different rooms. There is something disquietening about the lack of warmth or humanity in such places. The emptiness in these spaces adds to the unease, as we naturally feel that such spaces should be filled with people and objects. One can view the walkways of urban settings as liminal areas, as they exist merely to transition us between buildings.

    A Hobbytown Under Renovation by Bill Magritz
    Retrieved From: Wikipedia

    If you’ve ever walked alone in a city at night you’ve most likely experienced the horror of liminality. Shadows become people, wind becomes footsteps and buildings become toppling towers. It’s not impossible to identify how people’s fear of this unnerving environment was entangled with Kuchisake-Onna. How transposed onto an originally rural myth, spread a fear of an attractive stranger who was out to wound you in this strange urban hellscape. Who you could never truly tell the intentions of what lied behind the mask. A figure who left you wondering if she was as devoid of humanity as her surroundings.

    Additionally, when Kuchisake-Onna rose to international notoriety there was an increase in awareness about the health impacts of city environments within Japan.[2] People were realising the mental, physical and financial toll the move towards city landscapes as the new hotbed of industry was having. Of particular note was the uptick in cadmium and mercury poisoning as well as the increasing risk of smog. This led to a rise in people wearing masks, as a preventative measure against an environment trying to defeat them.

    Therefore, as Foster argues, one can see Kuchisake-Onna as a representation of these fears.[2] Her mask and the revealing of her disfigurement underlies the concerns of the people living in these contemporary and hazardous environments. How they fear the fact that they too, may become physically ill or even disabled, because the city itself is killing them. Though her slit face mimics a genetic disability, it can be seen as representation for all kinds of illness. As well, her rural trappings can be seen as a contrast between the two environments. How, when the rural transition to the urban, the sole result is a harm to yourself and to those around you.

    With all this said, I am eager to hear your thoughts and interpretations of Kuchisake-Onna. There will be a final essay about the many feminist links to Kuchisake-Onna in two weeks. I hope you’ve enjoyed this. Until next time!

    References

    1. Hwang, K. (2023). Slit-mouthed woman (Kuchisake Onna) and plastic surgery. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery, 34(5), 1370.
    2. Michael Dylan Foster. (2009). Pandemonium and Parade. Univ of California Press.
    3. Asakura, T. (1989). Ano kuchisakeon’na no sumika o Gifu sanchū ni mita’“uwasa no hon” Takarajimasha
    4. Shartle, R. (2023). Motherhood, Femininity, and the Body: Reading Representations of the Feminine in Kuchisake-onna (Postwar Japan) (Master’s thesis, Arizona State University).
    5. Yoshiyuki, I. (2019). Japanese Urban Legends from the “Slit-Mouthed Woman” to “Kisaragi Station.” Retrieved From: Nippon.com
    6. Hayakawa, K. (2008) Kowai hanashi – anata no shiranai Nippon no “kyōfu”, Mirion Shuppan
    7. Freud, S. (1927), “Fetishism’,The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, 24v ols, trans. James Strachey.
    8. Creed, B. (1993). The Monstrous-Feminine: Film, Feminism, Psychoanalysis. London: Routledge
    9. Wikipedia Contributors. (2025). Vagina dentata. Retrieved from Wikipedia website: Wikipedia
    10. Hayakawa, K. (2008) Kowai hanashi – anata no shiranai Nippon no “kyōfu”, Mirion Shuppan
    11. Wikipedia Contributors. (2025). Liminal space (aesthetic). Retrieved from Wikipedia website: Wikipedia